This thesis analyses the role of private law in the energy transition processes of public and local authorities in the era of climate change, adopting sustainable development as the guiding principle of legal action. Starting from the classification of climate change as systemic damage, the research explores the concept of climate obligations as compulsory legal duties not only for states, but also for public and private actors, who are called upon to contribute to the achievement of European and international climate objectives. From this perspective, the energy transition is considered a cornerstone of fulfilling climate obligations and a complex process requiring a rethink of energy infrastructure in technical and legal terms. The research attributes a central role to public and local authorities, considering them to be pivotal hubs of multi-level energy governance and ideal locations for experimenting with novel energy production, management and sharing models. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of prosumagerism and the development of energy communities. These are analysed as new forms of legal subjectivity that are oriented towards the pursuit of environmental, economic and social benefits without any profit-making purpose. Through a personalistic and relational interpretation of private energy law, the thesis puts forward a new interpretation of traditional legal concepts such as enterprise, property and contract, emphasising the role of private autonomy in realising general interests. The investigation also focuses on the legal and business models of energy communities, examining the most suitable organisational and contractual forms to ensure economic and financial sustainability, social inclusion, and long-term stability. Methodologically, the research takes a systematic and axiological legal approach, complemented by a functional comparative perspective and an interdisciplinary empirical analysis based on significant case studies. Ultimately, the thesis argues that in the context of the climate change and sustainable development, public and local authorities are not merely regulatory bodies, but also relational actors that can co-generate public value by consciously using private legal instruments. This helps to develop a legal infrastructure for the energy transition that promotes sustainability, participation and intergenerational justice.
La tesi analizza il ruolo del diritto privato nei processi di transizione energetica delle autorità pubbliche e locali nell’epoca del cambiamento climatico, assumendo lo sviluppo sostenibile come paradigma ordinante dell’azione giuridica. Partendo dalla qualificazione del cambiamento climatico come danno sistemico, la ricerca approfondisce il concetto di obbligazione climatica come insieme di doveri giuridici che gravano non solo sugli Stati, ma anche su una pluralità di attori pubblici e privati, chiamati a contribuire al raggiungimento degli obiettivi climatici europei e internazionali. In tale prospettiva, la transizione energetica è considerata uno degli assi portanti dell'adempimento dell'obbligazione climatica e un processo complesso che richiede il ripensamento dell'infrastruttura energetica, sia nella sua dimensione tecnico-materiale che in quella giuridico-regolatoria. La ricerca attribuisce un ruolo centrale alle autorità pubbliche e locali, considerate snodi decisivi della governance energetica multilivello e luoghi privilegiati per la sperimentazione di modelli innovativi di produzione, gestione e condivisione dell'energia. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al fenomeno del prosumagerismo e allo sviluppo delle comunità energetiche, analizzati come nuove forme di soggettività giuridica orientate al perseguimento di benefici ambientali, economici e sociali, in assenza di finalità lucrative. Attraverso un'interpretazione personalistica e relazionale del diritto privato dell'energia, la tesi propone una rilettura funzionale delle categorie tradizionali di impresa, proprietà e contratto, valorizzando il ruolo dell'autonomia privata come strumento per la realizzazione di interessi generali. L’indagine si concentra inoltre sui modelli giuridici e di business delle comunità energetiche, esaminando le forme organizzative e contrattuali più idonee a garantire sostenibilità economico-finanziaria, inclusione sociale e stabilità di lungo periodo. Sul piano metodologico, la ricerca adotta un approccio giuridico sistematico e assiologico, integrato da una prospettiva comparativa funzionale e da un'analisi empirica interdisciplinare basata sullo studio di casi significativi. La tesi conclude sostenendo che le autorità pubbliche e locali, nel contesto del cambiamento climatico e dello sviluppo sostenibile, non sono più soltanto autorità regolatorie, ma attori relazionali capaci di co-generare valore pubblico attraverso l’uso consapevole degli strumenti del diritto privato, contribuendo alla costruzione di un’infrastruttura giuridica della transizione energetica orientata alla sostenibilità, alla partecipazione e alla giustizia intergenerazionale.
Prosumagerism and Energy Communities: the Role of Local and Public Authorities / Giardini, Gianna. - (2026 May 12).
Prosumagerism and Energy Communities: the Role of Local and Public Authorities
GIARDINI, GIANNA
2026-05-12
Abstract
This thesis analyses the role of private law in the energy transition processes of public and local authorities in the era of climate change, adopting sustainable development as the guiding principle of legal action. Starting from the classification of climate change as systemic damage, the research explores the concept of climate obligations as compulsory legal duties not only for states, but also for public and private actors, who are called upon to contribute to the achievement of European and international climate objectives. From this perspective, the energy transition is considered a cornerstone of fulfilling climate obligations and a complex process requiring a rethink of energy infrastructure in technical and legal terms. The research attributes a central role to public and local authorities, considering them to be pivotal hubs of multi-level energy governance and ideal locations for experimenting with novel energy production, management and sharing models. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of prosumagerism and the development of energy communities. These are analysed as new forms of legal subjectivity that are oriented towards the pursuit of environmental, economic and social benefits without any profit-making purpose. Through a personalistic and relational interpretation of private energy law, the thesis puts forward a new interpretation of traditional legal concepts such as enterprise, property and contract, emphasising the role of private autonomy in realising general interests. The investigation also focuses on the legal and business models of energy communities, examining the most suitable organisational and contractual forms to ensure economic and financial sustainability, social inclusion, and long-term stability. Methodologically, the research takes a systematic and axiological legal approach, complemented by a functional comparative perspective and an interdisciplinary empirical analysis based on significant case studies. Ultimately, the thesis argues that in the context of the climate change and sustainable development, public and local authorities are not merely regulatory bodies, but also relational actors that can co-generate public value by consciously using private legal instruments. This helps to develop a legal infrastructure for the energy transition that promotes sustainability, participation and intergenerational justice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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