The thesis investigates the theoretical and practical conditions for an ethics of plants, through a dialogue between moral philosophy, plant biology and ethnographic research. Against dominant extensionist and biocentric approaches, it argues that grounding moral consideration exclusively in life, autopoiesis, intelligence, or teleological interests is insufficient to guide concrete practices, and collapses morally relevant distinctions between radically different forms of life. The theoretical framework develops from two core claims: that plants possess a form of non-instrumental value, and that agency is central to overcoming the widespread perception of them as mere objects. On this basis, the thesis advances a conception of plant value as processual, situated, and relational, and argues that the recognition of vegetal agency is a necessary condition for ethical encounter. Ethical responsibility toward plants is therefore shown to emerge asymmetrically from human–plant interactions marked by vulnerability, dependence, and structural constraint. Methodologically, the thesis adopts an integrated approach combining philosophical analysis with qualitative ethnographic research (ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation and unstructured interviews), in line with recent developments in field philosophy. Drawing on ethnographic material collected between 2023 and 2025, among Italian urban tree pruners, it analyses pruning practices as situated intuition pumps, in which moral challenges emerge from complex configurations of material constraints, practical expertise and multispecies relations. The ethnographic material illuminates different forms of situated knowledge, processes of negotiation between human and plant interests, conceptualisations of plant harm, and operational understanding of vegetal agency. Pruners’ moral imaginaries are shown to play a decisive role in shaping judgments about what counts as right or wrong intervention in relation to plant life. The core claim of the thesis is that recognising vegetal agency and the double vulnerability of plants (ontological and structural) grounds asymmetric responsibilities and non-arbitrary limits on human use, making indifference, unjustified damage, and irreversible harm, morally wrong, particularly in contexts of proximity and structural constraint. By shifting the focus from cognitive abilities to agency, vulnerability, and situational normativity, the thesis concludes that the central problem of plant ethics is not whether plants are “good enough” to enter the moral sphere, but whether prevailing ethical models are adequate for forms of life that challenge individuality, human temporality, and autocratic subjectivity.
La tesi indaga le condizioni teoriche e pratiche per un’etica delle piante, attraverso un dialogo tra filosofia morale, biologia vegetale e ricerca etnografica. Contrariamente agli approcci estensionisti e biocentrici dominanti, sostiene che basare la considerazione morale esclusivamente sulla vita, l’autopoiesi, l’intelligenza o gli interessi teleologici è insufficiente per guidare pratiche concrete, e fa crollare le distinzioni moralmente rilevanti tra forme di vita radicalmente diverse. Il quadro teorico si sviluppa a partire da due affermazioni fondamentali: che le piante possiedono una forma di valore non strumentale e che l’agency è fondamentale per superare la percezione diffusa di esse come semplici oggetti. Su questa base, la tesi propone una concezione del valore delle piante come processuale, situato e relazionale, e sostiene che il riconoscimento dell’agency vegetale è una condizione necessaria per l’incontro etico. La responsabilità etica nei confronti delle piante emerge quindi in modo asimmetrico dalle interazioni uomo-pianta caratterizzate da vulnerabilità, dipendenza e vincoli strutturali. Dal punto di vista metodologico, la tesi adotta un approccio integrato che combina l’analisi filosofica con la ricerca etnografica qualitativa (ricerca etnografica sul campo, osservazione partecipante e interviste non strutturate), in linea con i recenti sviluppi della filosofia sul campo. Attingendo al materiale etnografico raccolto tra il 2023 e il 2025 tra i potatori urbani italiani, analizza le pratiche di potatura come pompe di intuizione situate, in cui le sfide morali emergono da configurazioni complesse di vincoli materiali, competenze pratiche e relazioni multispecie. Il materiale etnografico illumina diverse forme di conoscenza situata, processi di negoziazione tra interessi umani e vegetali, concettualizzazioni del danno alle piante e comprensione operativa dell’agency vegetale. L’immaginario morale dei potatori, inoltre, gioca un ruolo decisivo nel plasmare i giudizi su ciò che è giusto o sbagliato in relazione alla vita delle piante. L’argomentazione centrale della tesi è che il riconoscimento dell’agency e della doppia vulnerabilità delle piante (ontologica e strutturale) fonda responsabilità asimmetriche e limiti non arbitrari sull’uso umano, rendendo moralmente sbagliati l’indifferenza, i danni ingiustificati e i danni irreversibili, in particolare in contesti di vicinanza e vincoli strutturali. Spostando l’attenzione dalle capacità cognitive all’agency, alla vulnerabilità e alla normatività situazionale, la tesi conclude che il problema centrale dell’etica delle piante non riguarda se le piante siano “abbastanza buone” da entrare nella sfera morale, ma se i modelli etici prevalenti siano adeguati a forme di vita che sfidano l’individualità, la temporalità umana e la soggettività autocratica.
Potare meno è potare meglio. Verso un'etica relazionale delle piante / Di Tullio, Viola. - (2026 May 11).
Potare meno è potare meglio. Verso un'etica relazionale delle piante
DI TULLIO, VIOLA
2026-05-11
Abstract
The thesis investigates the theoretical and practical conditions for an ethics of plants, through a dialogue between moral philosophy, plant biology and ethnographic research. Against dominant extensionist and biocentric approaches, it argues that grounding moral consideration exclusively in life, autopoiesis, intelligence, or teleological interests is insufficient to guide concrete practices, and collapses morally relevant distinctions between radically different forms of life. The theoretical framework develops from two core claims: that plants possess a form of non-instrumental value, and that agency is central to overcoming the widespread perception of them as mere objects. On this basis, the thesis advances a conception of plant value as processual, situated, and relational, and argues that the recognition of vegetal agency is a necessary condition for ethical encounter. Ethical responsibility toward plants is therefore shown to emerge asymmetrically from human–plant interactions marked by vulnerability, dependence, and structural constraint. Methodologically, the thesis adopts an integrated approach combining philosophical analysis with qualitative ethnographic research (ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation and unstructured interviews), in line with recent developments in field philosophy. Drawing on ethnographic material collected between 2023 and 2025, among Italian urban tree pruners, it analyses pruning practices as situated intuition pumps, in which moral challenges emerge from complex configurations of material constraints, practical expertise and multispecies relations. The ethnographic material illuminates different forms of situated knowledge, processes of negotiation between human and plant interests, conceptualisations of plant harm, and operational understanding of vegetal agency. Pruners’ moral imaginaries are shown to play a decisive role in shaping judgments about what counts as right or wrong intervention in relation to plant life. The core claim of the thesis is that recognising vegetal agency and the double vulnerability of plants (ontological and structural) grounds asymmetric responsibilities and non-arbitrary limits on human use, making indifference, unjustified damage, and irreversible harm, morally wrong, particularly in contexts of proximity and structural constraint. By shifting the focus from cognitive abilities to agency, vulnerability, and situational normativity, the thesis concludes that the central problem of plant ethics is not whether plants are “good enough” to enter the moral sphere, but whether prevailing ethical models are adequate for forms of life that challenge individuality, human temporality, and autocratic subjectivity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PhD-SDC Thesis - Di Tullio Viola.pdf
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