This doctoral thesis focuses on the development and application of innovative and green analytical methods for the study of food (balsamic vinegar) and biological samples (serum, associated lipoproteins, and in vitro cell cultures). Special attention was given to the development of extraction and separation techniques aligned with the principles of green analytical chemistry, which aim to eliminate or reduce the use of harmful organic solvents, minimize analysis time, and automate sample preparation processes. Protocols for the extraction of biological and food matrices were developed using green, miniaturized techniques, such as SPME in headspace mode and direct immersion mode, as well as a one-step extraction-derivatization approach. Separation and detection techniques, including GC-FID, GC×GC TOF-MS, and UHPLC-PDA, were employed. Analyses were conducted on balsamic vinegar samples to elucidate their volatile profile using HS-SPME followed by GC×GC TOF-MS. Additionally, an alternative approach was applied to analyse fatty acid compositions in human serum samples and associated lipoproteins through a simplified in-vial transesterification method, followed by GC×GC TOF-MS analysis. Furthermore, a study on gallium maltolate as a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma was conducted, involving the development of a UHPLC-PDA method and evaluation of TF-SPME protocols for the extraction of gallium maltolate from PBS. This thesis demonstrates the potential of green analytical techniques in the analysis of complex food and biological samples, providing sustainable alternatives to conventional methods.
Questa tesi di dottorato si concentra sullo sviluppo e sull'applicazione di metodi analitici innovativi e sostenibili per lo studio di matrici alimentari (aceto balsamico) e biologiche (siero, lipoproteine associate e colture cellulari in vitro). Particolare attenzione è stata dedicata allo sviluppo di tecniche di estrazione e separazione in linea con i principi della chimica analitica verde, con l'obiettivo di eliminare e/o ridurre l'uso di solventi organici dannosi, minimizzare i tempi di analisi e automatizzare i processi di preparazione del campione. Sono stati sviluppati protocolli per l'estrazione di matrici biologiche e alimentari utilizzando tecniche verdi e miniaturizzate, come la SPME in modalità headspace e in modalità immersione diretta, nonché un approccio di estrazione-derivatizzazione in un solo step. Sono state impiegate diverse tecniche strumentali, tra cui GC-FID, GC×GC TOF-MS e UHPLC-PDA. Le analisi sono state condotte su campioni di aceto balsamico per caratterizzarne il profilo volatile mediante HS-SPME seguita da analisi GC×GC TOF-MS. Inoltre, è stato ottimizzato un approccio alternativo di transesterificazione per analizzare la composizione degli acidi grassi in campioni di siero, HDL e LDL, seguito dall'analisi GC×GC TOF-MS. Sono stati poi valutati diversi protocolli per l'estrazione dal PBS tramite TF-SPME del gallio maltolato, un potenziale agente terapeutico per il glioblastoma. L'estrazione è stata quindi seguita dell'analisi UHPLC-PDA degli estratti ottenuti da diversi sorbenti e diverse soluzioni di desorbimento.
Integrazione di Estrazioni Sostenibili Miniaturizzate e Analisi Strumentali per la Caratterizzazione di Composti in Applicazioni Alimentari e Biochimiche / Malcangi, Sofia. - (2025 Mar 26).
Integrazione di Estrazioni Sostenibili Miniaturizzate e Analisi Strumentali per la Caratterizzazione di Composti in Applicazioni Alimentari e Biochimiche.
MALCANGI, SOFIA
2025-03-26
Abstract
This doctoral thesis focuses on the development and application of innovative and green analytical methods for the study of food (balsamic vinegar) and biological samples (serum, associated lipoproteins, and in vitro cell cultures). Special attention was given to the development of extraction and separation techniques aligned with the principles of green analytical chemistry, which aim to eliminate or reduce the use of harmful organic solvents, minimize analysis time, and automate sample preparation processes. Protocols for the extraction of biological and food matrices were developed using green, miniaturized techniques, such as SPME in headspace mode and direct immersion mode, as well as a one-step extraction-derivatization approach. Separation and detection techniques, including GC-FID, GC×GC TOF-MS, and UHPLC-PDA, were employed. Analyses were conducted on balsamic vinegar samples to elucidate their volatile profile using HS-SPME followed by GC×GC TOF-MS. Additionally, an alternative approach was applied to analyse fatty acid compositions in human serum samples and associated lipoproteins through a simplified in-vial transesterification method, followed by GC×GC TOF-MS analysis. Furthermore, a study on gallium maltolate as a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma was conducted, involving the development of a UHPLC-PDA method and evaluation of TF-SPME protocols for the extraction of gallium maltolate from PBS. This thesis demonstrates the potential of green analytical techniques in the analysis of complex food and biological samples, providing sustainable alternatives to conventional methods.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PhD_SDC_Thesis_SMalcangi.pdf
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