Global Flood Models

Flooding is the most damaging natural hazard, both economically and by population affected. Flood models are important tools for evaluating the risks associated with flooding. Historically, the modelling domain has been limited in scale; however, advancements in computing power and global datasets have led to the development of global flood models (GFMs). This global modelling capability has benefited scientific studies of exposure and climate change impact, the insurance industry, and intergovernmental disaster risk reduction efforts. Global flood modelling has now progressed beyond its infancy to a point where coordinated and targeted model development can take place based on collective studies. This chapter provides a detailed summary of the current global flood modelling state-of-affairs. It begins with a summary of the history and challenges of GFM development. This is followed by a review of current GFMs and their structures, applications, and credibility. A section is also dedicated to describing global flood modelling in the context of the insurance catastrophe model, an important GFM category that is less visible due to their proprietary nature. The chapter concludes by looking to the future and highlighting how GFMs need to improve and the new datasets and methods that could contribute to their continued development.